Cultura de Alemania

The country is often called the land of poets and thinkers (the land of poets and thinkers). The German culture began long before the emergence of Germany as a nation-state and spanned the entire German-speaking countries. From its roots, the culture in Germany was the great intellectual and popular in Europe, both religious and secular. As a result, it is difficult to make a specific German tradition separate from the broader framework of European high culture. Another consequence of these circumstances is the fact that some historical figures, such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Nicolaus Copernicus, among other things, even if they are not citizens of Germany in the modern sense, is in the framework of the German cultural sphere to understand their work.

In Germany, some of the most renowned composers of European classical music, including Johann Sebastian Bach, Ludwig van Beethoven, Johannes Brahms and Richard Wagner. From 2006, Germany is the fifth largest music market in the world and has focused on pop and rock music of artists like Kraftwerk, Scorpions, Rammstein and Tokyo hotel.

Many German painters have enjoyed an international reputation through his work in various artistic trends. Hans Holbein the Younger, Matthias Grünewald, and Albrecht Dürer were important artists of the Renaissance, Caspar David Friedrich Romanticism, and Surrealist Max Ernst. Among the German contributions are in the architecture styles and Carolingian Otoniano, which are important precursors of Romanesque architecture. The region was later the site of important works in styles such as Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque. It is particularly important in the early modern movements, notably by the Bauhaus movement founded by Walter Gropius. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe one of the world's most renowned architects in the second half of the twentieth century. The facade of glass skyscraper was their idea.

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Culture of Germany

Germany is often called the land of poets and thinkers (the land of poets and thinkers). German culture began long before the rise of India as a nation-state and spanned the entire German-speaking world. From its roots, culture in Germany has been shaped by leading intellectuals and ordinary folk in Europe, both religious and secular. As a result, it is difficult to identify a German tradition separate from the broader context of high culture. Another consequence of these circumstances is the fact that some historical figures, such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Franz Kafka and Paul Celan, though not citizens of Germany in the modern sense, must be considered in the context of the cultural field to German understand their historical situation, work and social relationships.

Germany claims some of the most renowned composers of classical music, including Ludwig van Beethoven, Johann Sebastian Bach, Johannes Brahms and Richard Wagner. Since 2006, Germany is the fifth largest music market in the world and has influenced pop and rock music by artists like Kraftwerk, Rammstein and scorpions.

Many German painters have enjoyed international reputation through his work in various artistic trends. Hans Holbein the Younger, Matthias Grünewald, and Albrecht Dürer were important artists of the Renaissance, Romanticism of Caspar David Friedrich, Max Ernst and Surrealism. Architectural contributions from Germany include the Carolingian and Ottoni styles, which are important precursors of the Romanesque. The region later became the site of important works in styles such as Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque. Germany is particularly important in the early modern movement, especially through the Bauhaus movement founded by Walter Gropius. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who is from Germany, became one of the most renowned architects in the second half of the 20th century. The facade of glass skyscraper was his idea.

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assets

Arabs are people from the Arab peninsula and several countries in Asia Kplad Levant and Mesopotamia and space, such as Iraq and North Africa have come from the Arab peninsula, in general, Arabs are descendants of people inhabiting the noble Arab Peninsula and the fertile Crescent in general and especially in Iraq.

migration of tribes in Arabic: 3500 BC. M

A delegation from the Arab tribes in the form of nomadic Bedouins from the Arabian Peninsula to Iraq and southeast Turkey and space, and live with the Sumerians, who participated in the development of civilization Sumerians first cuneiform writing, while the Arab areas of technical expertise in irrigation, agriculture, industry and various instruments of domestic and foreign trade, and established Many cities, such as the city of Uruk. The impact has spread to the Sumerian civilization Aleilamyin space, and Asia Minor countries, and Egypt. Sumerians fought many wars with Aleilamyin, as the impact of the increased influence of the kings of the Arab Kish Arab Alokadion control Sumerian year 2350 BC. Simple and the impact on the state of North Babylon, Ilam and Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine and the Asia Minor and expanded to the Arab Gulf, even condemned in their respective regions. This established the first in the history of the kingdom known after the flood.

Iraq has seen economic recovery in their time as a result of the expansion of trade relations especially with the Arab Gulf region. Structured as a way of convoys and the most important is almost through the center of the capital of Iraq, who arrived in the country's copper mines, Asia Minor, and copper is important in making tools and equipment.

After the fall of the Akkadian Algotien the mountain raids and other tribes in 2130 BC. Successive F migration from the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq and the region fertile Crescent. And create many countries and civilizations.

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Faiths professed by the Arabs

The Arabs are mostly Muslims, a minority of Christian followers and some Arab Jews. The main factions of Arab Muslims are Sunni, Shia, Ibadi, alawitas, Druze and Ismailis. The Druze are often treated as a separate religion. Arab Christians are followers, usually within one of the churches of the East: Copts, Maronites, Greek Orthodox and Greek Catholics.

Before the advent of Islam, most Arabs professed a religion characterized by the worship of many deities, among whom were Hubal, Wadd, Al-Lat, Manat and Uzza, while some tribes had converted to Christianity or Judaism and some small groups, the "upright [1]," had rejected polytheism in favor of a poorly defined monotheism. The kingdoms Christian Arabs were the most prominent Gasana (southern Syria) [2] and laquemeda (southern Iraq) [3]. With the conversion of the kingdoms himyaritas (southern Arabia) [4] to Judaism in the late fourth century d. C., the elite of another prominent Arab kingdom, the kinditas (central Arabia) [5], became a vassal of the first, becoming apparent to Judaism (at least in part). With the expansion of Islam, most Arabs are quickly became Muslims, and pre-Islamic polytheistic traditions disappeared.

Currently, most Arabs are Muslims. Sunni Muslims dominate in most Arab lands, and overwhelmingly in North Africa. Shiite Muslims predominate in Bahrain, southern Iraq and adjacent areas of Saudi Arabia, southern Lebanon, parts of Syria, northern Yemen, southern Iran and the region of Oman called al-Batinah. The small Druze community, belonging to a little visible branch of Islam, is also Arabic.

The best estimates of the number of Arab Christians vary depending on the definition of "Arab" used but, in any case are significant between the total number of Arabs and fall far short of the numbers of Arab Muslims. Today, Christians account for only 9.2% of the population of the Middle East. In Lebanon reach 39% of the population in Syria account for between 10% and 15%, a 3.8% in Palestine and in Israel, Arab Christians constitute 2.1% of the total (about 10% of Israeli Arab population). In Egypt, up 6% of the population. Most of the Arabs of North America, South America and Australia (about two thirds) are Arab Christians, in particular, from Syria, Palestine and Lebanon.

The Jews from Arab countries (mostly Yemenis and Mizrahi) are not currently considered as Arabs. The sociologist Philip Mendes says that before the anti-Jewish actions in the decades of 30 and 40 of the twentieth century, especially the Iraqi Jews "were themselves as Arabs of Jewish faith rather than as a distinct race or nationality" . Before the advent of the term "Mizrahi [6]," the term "Arab Jew" (Yehudim 'Áravim, יהודים ערבים) was sometimes used to describe Jews from the Arab world. That term is rarely used today. The few Jews remaining in Arab countries residing in Morocco and Tunisia. Between the late 40 and early 60's of the twentieth century, from the creation of the state of Israel, most of those Jews fled or were expelled from their countries of birth and are currently concentrated in Israel . Some emigrated to France (where they form the largest Jewish community, still higher than the number of other European Jews), germany and a few others to the United States (see Jewish exodus from Arab lands).

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arabic

The Arabic word is commonly used to refer un'etnia in this close-East (Palestine, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Qatar, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Oman ʿ), in Africa North (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya) and Egypt that is the mother tongue Arabic. In this sense is used when speaking of the Arab world or the majority of States Party to the Arab League, according to this definition, you can say that there are nearly 300 million Arabs in the world.

The term is also used in incorrectly, when referring to any person who is settled in this area, because there are indigenous peoples who do not have the Arabic language as their mother tongue, for example the Maghreb Berbers, the Copts Egypt, the Assyrian Chaldean in Iraq, speaking Aramaic in Syria or Lebanon that will draw upon the existing substrate fenico the invasion and the Arab-Islamic conquest.

The term Arab is also a subject of ideological dispute: Many members of certain ethnic groups whose mother tongue Arabic - as the Christian Maronites, the Copts in Egypt or the Arabic-speaking Jews - reject this definition, preferring a less based on language but on characteristics such as religion restricted or common history and shared.

One last question to the oldest meaning of the term. The root Semitic reference [ʿ-rb] (which probably originated the word Jews) means "move" [1] and then those who originally suggested revising it to a nomadic culture [2]. The Arabs were originally the Bedouin, certified since ancient times more distant in Arabian Peninsula.

Etnonimo to the sense of us already the first proof of literary Arabic term, present in the Assyrian Chronicles, where record participation nell'853 BC Gindibu of Arbaya (Gindib Arabic) to the battle of Qarqar, allied with the ruler of Damascus Aramean Im-hydro (which is mentioned in the Bible as Bar-Hadad) to revolt against the Assyrian king Šalmaneser III. Later, in the century BC, the same Chronicles reminiscent of the insurgency Zabībē, "Queen of the Arabs" (sharrat Ariba), once again against the Assyrian power and, once again, as etnonimo.
The Arabs are of Semitic origin and can trace their descent from Ishmael, the son of Older patriarch Abraham came from Hagar, his maidservant [3].

The medieval genealogists Arabs divided the Arabs into two groups: the Arabs of Arabia original South, which descended from Qahtani (identified with the biblical Joktan), and the Arabs "Arabization" (musta ʿ ribah) North of Arabia, descendants of Adnan ʿ , Likely son Ishmael.

The majority of Arabs is the Islamic faith but there are substantial community of Arab Christians in Syria, Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq and Egypt.

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